| Victors ID |
Gene Name |
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) |
NCBI Gene ID |
NCBI Nucleotide GI |
NCBI Protein GI |
Locus Tag |
Genbank Accession |
Protein Accession |
Protein Name |
Molecule Role |
Molecule Role Annotation |
PMID |
|
|
acs1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3253764
|
|
58259419
|
CNA07740 |
AE017341 |
XP_567122 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: acs1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7179:Hu et al., 2008].
|
18673460
|
|
|
ADE2 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B-3501 |
|
|
4063512
|
|
|
|
phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: ade2 mutant is attenuated in central nervous system model in immunosuppressed rabbits [Ref7180:Perfect et al., 1993].
|
8406836
|
|
|
AOX1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
|
20467244
|
20467245
|
|
|
AAM22475.1 |
alternative oxidase |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The aox1 mutant strain was significantly less virulent than both the wild type and the reconstituted strain in the murine inhalational model, and it also had significantly impaired growth within a macrophage-like cell line [Ref7181:Akhter et al., 2003].
|
14500501
|
|
|
apt1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3257282
|
|
58266214
|
CND02400 |
AE017344 |
XP_570263 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: apt1 mutant is attenuated in mouse inhalation model of cryptococcosis [Ref7182:Hu and Kronstad, 2010].
|
19949048
|
|
|
CAC1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
|
|
12620209
|
|
|
|
adenylate cyclase |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: cac1 mutant strains are avirulent in mice [Ref7183:Alspaugh et al., 2002].
|
12455973
|
|
|
CAP10 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B-4500 |
|
5532490
|
5532491
|
|
|
AAD44757.1 |
capsular associated protein |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: cap10 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7184:Chang and Kwon-Chung, 1999].
|
10482503
|
|
|
cap59 |
Cryptococcus neoformans |
|
432449
|
432450
|
|
|
AAC13946.1 |
CAP59 |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: cap59 mutant is avirulent in mice [Ref7185:Chang and Kwon-Chung, 1994].
|
8007987
|
|
|
CAP60 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B-4500 |
|
3108214
|
3108215
|
|
|
AAC39450.1 |
Cap60p |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: cap60 mutant is avirulent in mice [Ref7186:Chang and Kwon-Chung, 1998].
|
9573112
|
|
|
CAP64 |
Cryptococcus neoformans |
|
845290
|
845291
|
|
|
AAB06581.1 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Gene deletion of CAP64 from a wild-type strain resulted in the loss of capsule as well as virulence in mice [Ref7187:Chang et al., 1996].
|
8675296
|
|
|
ccr4 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3254820
|
|
58261188
|
CNL04550 |
AE017352 |
XP_568004 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: ccr4 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7188:Panepinto et al., 2007].
|
17646356
|
|
|
CFT1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans |
|
|
74684770
|
|
|
|
Protein CFT1 |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: CFT1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7189:Jung et al., 2008].
|
18282105
|
|
|
CIR1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B3501A |
|
108802599
|
108802600
|
|
|
ABG21303.1 |
iron regulator 1 |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: cir1 mutant is avirulent in mice [Ref7190:Jung et al., 2006].
|
17121456
|
|
|
CLC-A |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii |
|
|
29374036
|
|
|
|
voltage-gated chloride channel |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: CLC-A mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7191:Zhu and Williamson, 2003].
|
14622414
|
|
|
CPRa1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans |
|
13603796
|
13603797
|
|
|
AAK31936.1 |
pheromone receptor CPRa1p |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: cpra mutant celss produce smaller capsules in the brains of mice than wild-type cells, is also attenuated for virulence in mice [Ref7192:Chang et al., 2003].
|
12933837
|
|
|
CPS1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3255024
|
|
58261552
|
CNL06630 |
AE017352 |
XP_568186 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: cps1 mutant is attenuated in C. elegans killing assay [Ref7193:Jong et al., 2007].
|
17545316
|
|
|
ena1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: ena1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7194:Idnurm et al., 2009].
|
19151325
|
|
|
ess1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans |
|
22597179
|
22597180
|
|
|
AAN03477.1 |
prolyl isomerase Ess1 |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: ess1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7195:Ren et al., 2005].
|
15870468
|
|
|
gcn5 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3253516
|
|
58258473
|
CNA03280 |
AE017341 |
XP_566649 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: gcn5 mutant is avirulent in mice [Ref7196:O'Meara et al., 2010].
|
20581290
|
|
|
gcs1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3259176
|
|
58270488
|
CNH02280 |
AE017348 |
XP_572400 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: gcs1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7197:Kechichian et al., 2007].
|
17664261
|
|
|
IPC1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii |
|
|
9965982
|
|
|
|
inositol-phosphoryl ceramide 1 synthase |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: ipc1 mutant is attenuated in rabbits and in murine macrophages [Ref7198:Luberto et al., 2001].
|
11157776
|
|
|
kin1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3254698
|
|
58260922
|
CNK02740 |
AE017351 |
XP_567871 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: kin1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7194:Idnurm et al., 2009].
|
19151325
|
|
|
kre5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: kre5 mutant is avirulent in mouse inhalation model of infection [Ref7199:Gilbert et al., 2010].
|
20384682
|
|
|
MAN1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans |
|
9965933
|
9965934
|
|
|
AAG10203.1 |
mannose-6-phosphate isomerase |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: man1 mutant is attenuated in mice and rabbits [Ref7200:Wills et al., 2001].
|
11359567
|
|
|
met3 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
|
|
19569780
|
|
|
|
sulfate adenyltransferase MET3 |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: met3 mutant is avirulent in mice [Ref7201:Pascon et al., 2004].
|
15347759
|
|
|
nmt |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B-3501A |
4939624
|
|
134118644
|
CNBN0070 |
AAEY01000065 |
XP_772024 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: nmt mutant is attenuated in immunosuppressed rabbits [Ref7202:Lodge et al., 1994].
|
7991574
|
|
|
NRG1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii |
|
|
100271780
|
|
|
|
transcriptional regulator Nrg1 |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: nrg1 mutant strain is attenuated in mice [Ref7203:Cramer et al., 2006].
|
16835458
|
|
|
PLB1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
|
7637534
|
7637535
|
|
|
AAF65220.1 |
secreted phospholipase B |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: plb1 mutant is attenuated in murine macrophages and in mouse respiratory infections [Ref7204:Noverr et al., 2003].
|
12595473
|
|
|
ras1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3256195
|
|
58264766
|
CNC01830 |
AE017343 |
XP_569539 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: ras1 mutant is avirulent in rabbit model of cryptococcal meningitis [Ref7205:Alspaugh et al., 2000].
|
10792722
|
|
|
sec6 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3254663
|
|
58260630
|
CNK02540 |
AE017351 |
XP_567725 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: sec6 RNAi mutant strains of C. neoformans were defective in a number of virulence factors and demonstrated attenuated virulence in mice [Ref7206:Panepinto et al., 2009].
|
19210702
|
|
|
snf1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3256405
|
|
58265606
|
CNC01260 |
AE017343 |
XP_569959 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: snf1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7179:Hu et al., 2008].
|
18673460
|
|
|
SOD1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
|
|
12698734
|
|
|
|
Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: sod1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7207:Cox et al., 2003].
|
12496163
|
|
|
TPS1 |
Cryptococcus gattii |
|
171466692
|
171466693
|
|
|
ACB46525.1 |
trehalose 6-P synthase |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: tps1 mutant is attenuated in C. elegans pathogenesis model [Ref7208:Polacheck et al., 1990].
|
2117574
|
|
|
UGT1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii |
|
146166995
|
146166996
|
|
|
DAA05967.1 |
UGT1 |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: ugt1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7209:Moyrand et al., 2007].
|
17462022
|
|
|
URE1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
|
3688062
|
3688063
|
|
|
AAC62257.1 |
urease |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: ure1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7210:Cox et al., 2000].
|
10639402
|
|
|
VPH1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 (ATCC 208821) |
|
|
15027611
|
|
|
|
vacuolar (H+)-ATPase subunit |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: vph1 mutant is avirulent in a mouse meningo-encephalitis model [Ref7211:Erickson et al., 2001].
|
11737651
|
|
|
BWC1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
|
|
58397459
|
|
|
|
white collar 1 |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: bwc1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7212:Idnurm and Heitman, 2005].
|
15760278
|
|
|
BWC2 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
|
|
58397461
|
|
|
|
white collar 2 |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: bwc2 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7212:Idnurm and Heitman, 2005].
|
15760278
|
|
|
CBP1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
|
|
7546976
|
|
|
|
calcineurin-binding protein |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: cpb1 mutant is avirulent in both a rabbit model of cryptococcal meningitis and in a murine systemic infection model [Ref7213:Görlach et al., 2000].
|
10899116
|
|
|
ccn1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans H99 |
|
11527208
|
11527209
|
|
|
AAG36938.1 |
CCN1 |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: ccn1 mutant fails to cause systemic infection in mice [Ref7214:Chung et al., 2003].
|
12654817
|
|
|
FHB1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
|
|
37783289
|
|
|
|
flavohemoglobin |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: fhb1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7215:de et al., 2003].
|
14614821
|
|
|
GPA1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii ATCC 42163 |
|
|
533774
|
|
|
|
G-protein alpha subunit |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: gpa1 mutant is attenuated in rabbits [Ref7216:Alspaugh et al., 1997].
|
9389652
|
|
|
HOG1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
|
59805189
|
59805190
|
|
|
AAX08139.1 |
mitogen-activated protein kinase |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: hog1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7217:Bahn et al., 2005].
|
15728721
|
|
|
mpf3 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3259238
|
|
58270514
|
CNH02380 |
AE017348 |
XP_572413 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: mpf3 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7218:Panepinto et al., 2005].
|
15765146
|
|
|
mpk1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans |
|
|
28974309
|
|
|
|
Mpk1 |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: mpk1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7219:Kraus et al., 2003].
|
12787363
|
|
|
Pak1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii |
|
|
18087341
|
|
|
|
PAK1 kinase |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: pak1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7220:Wang et al., 2002].
|
12455960
|
|
|
PKA1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
|
|
11096026
|
|
|
|
cAMP dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: pka1 mutant is avirulent in mice and rabbits [Ref7221:D'Souza et al., 2001].
|
11287622
|
|
|
Pkr1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
|
|
21667390
|
|
|
|
cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Pkr1 mutant is avirulent in mice [Ref7222:Hicks et al., 2004].
|
14871933
|
|
|
SCH9 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
|
|
20385903
|
|
|
|
protein kinase Sch9 |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: sch9 mutant is attenuated in rabbits [Ref7223:Wang et al., 2004].
|
15503029
|
|
|
SKN7 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
|
54645917
|
54645918
|
|
|
AAV36564.1 |
Skn7 |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: skn7 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7224:Wormley et al., 2005].
|
16041017
|
|
|
STE11alpha |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans |
|
11096131
|
11096132
|
|
|
AAG30205.1 |
Ste11alpha protein |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: ste11 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7225:Clarke et al., 2001].
|
11298287
|
|
|
STE12a |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans |
|
|
12247088
|
|
|
|
STE12a |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: STE12a deletion mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7226:Chang et al., 2001].
|
11248066
|
|
|
STE20alpha |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
|
|
25573205
|
|
|
|
STE20 |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: ste20alpha mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7220:Wang et al., 2002].
|
12455960
|
|
|
Tco1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
|
88707339
|
88707340
|
|
|
ABD49452.1 |
two-component-like hybrid sensor histidine kinase 1 |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: tco1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7227:Bahn et al., 2006].
|
16672377
|
|
|
trx1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
|
|
57230319
|
|
|
|
expressed protein |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: trx1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7228:Missall and Lodge, 2005].
|
16045626
|
|
|
TSA1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
|
|
32140413
|
|
|
|
thiol-specific antioxidant protein 1 |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: TSA1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7229:Missall et al., 2004].
|
14982637
|
|
|
ura5 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3258511
|
|
58269846
|
CNG03730 |
AE017347 |
XP_572079 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: ura5 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7230:Varma et al., 1992].
|
1541525
|
|
|
VAD1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii |
|
|
74656036
|
|
|
|
ATP-dependent RNA helicase VAD1 |
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: vad1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7218:Panepinto et al., 2005].
|
15765146
|
|
|
cfo1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: cfo1 mutant was attenuated in a mouse model of cryptococcosis [Ref7269:Jung et al., 2009].
|
19700638
|
|
|
lac1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: lac1 deficient strain is attenuated in mice [Ref7270:Noverr et al., 2004].
|
14977977
|
|
|
met6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: met6 is avirulent in mice [Ref7201:Pascon et al., 2004].
|
15347759
|
|
|
PBX1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: PBX1 mutant is severely attenuated in mice [Ref7271:Liu et al., 2007].
|
17337638
|
|
|
PBX2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: PBX2 mutant is severely attenuated in mice [Ref7271:Liu et al., 2007].
|
17337638
|
|
|
rom2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: rom2 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7194:Idnurm et al., 2009].
|
19151325
|
|
|
tup1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: tup1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7272:Lee et al., 2009].
|
19820119
|
|
|
pbs2 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B-3501A |
4933995
|
|
134107447
|
CNBA7290 |
AAEY01000005 |
XP_777608 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: pbs2 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7217:Bahn et al., 2005].
|
15728721
|
|
|
ssa1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: ssa1 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7273:Zhang et al., 2006].
|
17040492
|
|
|
CAP64 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3253232
|
|
58258997
|
CNA06800 |
AE017341 |
XP_566911 |
|
Virulence factor |
The capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans plays a role in fatal infection in mice. Restoration of the ability to produce a capsule enabled Cryptococcus neoformans strain 602 to cause fatal infection in mice, whereas the strain 602 lacked with capsular remained avirulent.[Ref7548:Chang et al., 1997] |
9125534
|
|
|
ACL1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888032
|
|
799340552
|
CNAG_04640 |
CP003829 |
XP_012052118 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: ACL1 Gene is responsible for ATP-citrate lyase synthesis and acl1 mutants were unable to cause disease in a murine inhalation model [Ref7643:Griffiths et al., 2012]. |
23078142
|
|
|
ADA2 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23885322
|
|
799341916
|
CNAG_01626 |
CP003830 |
XP_012052395 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: This factor is a homolog of the yeast protein Ada2, a member of the Spt-Ada-Gcn5 Acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex that regulates transcription of stress response genes via histone acetylation. The mutant exhibits significant defects in in response to a variety of stress conditions, sexual development and virulence [Ref7644:Haynes et al., 2011]. |
22174677
|
|
|
AFR1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886955
|
|
799335321
|
CNAG_03450 |
CP003827 |
XP_012050956 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: AFR1 affects the resistance of Cryptococcus neoformans to microglia-mediated antifungal activity by delaying phagosomal maturation [Ref7646:Orsi et al., 2009].AFR1 deletion lead to the hypersusceptibility to fluconazole of Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro [Ref7645:Sanguinetti et al., 2006]. |
19220870
16428784
|
|
|
AGS1(Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii serotype A) |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886647
|
|
799335663
|
CNAG_03120 |
CP003827 |
XP_012051037 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: RNA interference of ADA1 expression in Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii serotype A lead to slow-growing and acapsular [Ref7647:Reese and Doering, 2003]. |
14622425
|
|
|
AGS1(Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans serotype D) |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3258514
|
|
58269930
|
CNG04420 |
AE017347 |
XP_572121 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Analysis of cell wall composition of the AGS1 deletion mutant demonstrated complete loss of alpha glucan accompanied by a compensatory increase in chitin/chitosan and a redistribution of beta glucan between cell wall fractions. The mutants were unable to growing mouse model of infection, but caused death in nematodes [Ref7648:Reese et al., 2007]. |
17244196
|
|
|
ALL1(Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii serotype A) |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23889763
|
|
799334008
|
CNAG_06576 |
CP003826 |
XP_012050709 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The Δall1 mutants produced a shorter exo-PS with less branching and structural complexity [Ref7650:Jain et al., 2013]. |
23565821
|
|
|
ALL1(Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans serotype D) |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3258361
|
|
58268496
|
CNF04420 |
AE017346 |
XP_571404 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The Δall1 mutants of two serotypes produced a shorter exo-PS with less branching and structural complexity than the parental strains;Δall1 mutant strains manifested differences in epitope expression and significant resistance to phagocytosis [Ref7649:Jain et al., 2009][Ref7650:Jain et al., 2013]. |
18955480
23565821
|
|
|
APH1(Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii serotype A) |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886492
|
|
799322149
|
CNAG_02944 |
CP003822 |
XP_012048240 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The Δaph1 mutant had reduced virulece in both Galleria mellonella and mice model [Ref7651:Lev et al., 2014]. |
25227465
|
|
|
APP1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23889762
|
|
799334003
|
CNAG_06574 |
CP003826 |
XP_012050708 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The Δapp1 mutant strain showed a decreased virulence in mice deficient for complement C5 (A/Jcr), but it was hypervirulent in mice deficient for T and NK cells (Tgε26) [Ref7652:Luberto et al., 2003]. |
14523045
|
|
|
ARG1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23889694
|
|
799347129
|
CNAG_06500 |
CP003832 |
XP_012053527 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Δarg1 mutants had impaired thermotolerance, compromised cell walls, reduced capsule production and melanization, defective cell separation, and the inability to form mating filaments and attenuated homeostasis and virulence in the Galleria mellonella infection model [Ref7653:Lev et al., 2013]. |
23381992
|
|
|
Atx1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886056
|
|
799331291
|
CNAG_02434 |
CP003825 |
XP_012050147 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Needed for Cryptococcus neoformans melanin biosynthesis [Ref7654:Walton et al., 2005]. |
16102007
|
|
|
URE2 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888844
|
|
799347829
|
CNAG_05540 |
CP003833 |
XP_012053644 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: URE2 gene product is involved in the utilization of urea by the organism. The mutant had reduced virulence in mouse infection models [Ref7655:Varma et al., 2006]. |
17159224
|
|
|
AVC1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884066
|
|
799314350
|
CNAG_00240 |
CP003820 |
XP_012046607 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The avc1 mutant had reduced growth on a selection of carbon sources, capsule inhibition, and poor melanization at 37 degree celsius [Ref7656:Ormerod et al., 2013]. |
23550133
|
|
|
BCK1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888137
|
|
799340830
|
CNAG_04755 |
CP003829 |
XP_012052184 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: bck1 mutant had defects in cell wall integrity and high temperature endurance [Ref7658:Gerik et al., 2005]. |
16194228
|
|
|
BLP1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888137
|
|
799340830
|
CNAG_04755 |
CP003829 |
XP_012052184 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: BLP1 gene knock promoted the phagocytosis of Cryptococcus by macrophages in vitro [Ref7659:Chun et al., 2011]. |
21402362
|
|
|
CAN2 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888486
|
|
799324835
|
CNAG_05144 |
CP003823 |
XP_012048738 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Can2 is the main carbonic anhydrase and suggest a physiological role for bicarbonate during C. neoformans growth [Ref7663:Mogensen et al., 2006]. |
16400172
|
|
|
CAT1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888371
|
|
799324461
|
CNAG_05015 |
CP003823 |
XP_012048657 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: CAT1 encode putative spore-specific catalases, however cat1 mutant is absent of phenotype of virulence changes in mouse infection models [Ref7664:Giles et al., 2006]. |
16963629
|
|
|
CBK1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23887056
|
|
799335528
|
CNAG_03567 |
CP003827 |
XP_012051006 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: One of the five components of the homologous RAM-signaling pathway in C. neoformans, deletion of CBK1 gene leading to morphological change of this fungi [Ref7665:Walton et al., 2006]. |
16775005
|
|
|
CCC1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23889467
|
|
799345039
|
CNAG_06241 |
CP003831 |
XP_012053059 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: This gene belongs to the polycomb system that assembles repressive subtelomeric domains of H3K27 methylation (H3K27me) in the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans[Ref7666:Dumesic et al., 2015]. |
25533783
|
|
|
CCP1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884881
|
|
799327664
|
CNAG_01138 |
CP003824 |
XP_012049342 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Ccp1 is a mitochondrial antioxidant that catalyzes the degradation of hydrogen peroxide. The mutant showed attenuated resistance to exogenous oxidative stress in vitro but does not diminish the virulence of C.neofromans in a murine model [Ref7667:Giles et al., 2005]. |
15588993
|
|
|
CDA1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23889088
|
|
799333267
|
CNAG_05799 |
CP003826 |
XP_012050538 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Cda1 is one of the four putative chitin/polysaccharide deacetylases in C. neoformans. The chitosan production was abolished only in the cda1Δcda2Δcda3Δ triple-deletion strain however CDA1 single deletion was not sufficient to affect the chiitosan levels [Ref7668:Baker et al., 2007]. |
17400891
|
|
|
CDC24 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23887681
|
|
799338496
|
CNAG_04243 |
CP003828 |
XP_012051688 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Cdc24 is a Ras1 effector in C. neoformans to mediate the ability of this fungus to grow at high temperature. Ras1-Cdc24 signalling cascade functions specifically through one of the three Cdc42/Rac1 homologues in C. neoformans [Ref7669:Nichols et al., 2007]. |
17233829
|
|
|
CDC43 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886315
|
|
799321549
|
CNAG_02756 |
CP003822 |
XP_012048111 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Cryptococcus neoformans CDC43 is important for thermotolerance, morphogenesis, and virulence [Ref7670:Selvig et al., 2013]. |
24014765
|
|
|
CFT2 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886502
|
|
799320449
|
CNAG_02959 |
CP003822 |
XP_012047832 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: CFT2 played no apparent role in iron acquisition;cft2 mutant was attenuated for virulence [Ref7189:Jung et al., 2008]. |
18282105
|
|
|
CHI2 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886920
|
|
799336363
|
CNAG_03412 |
CP003827 |
XP_012051242 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: This gene encodes one of endochitinases of Cryptococcus neoformans and involved in sexual reproduction [Ref7671:Baker et al., 2009]. |
19734369
|
|
|
CHS3 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23889683
|
|
799346398
|
CNAG_06487 |
CP003832 |
XP_012053352 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: One of the genes involved in melanization of Cryptococcus neoformans [Ref7654:Walton et al., 2005]. |
16102007
|
|
|
CIG1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884553
|
|
799315896
|
CNAG_00776 |
CP003820 |
XP_012046953 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The cig1Δ mutant was less susceptible than the wild-type strain to noniron metalloporphyrins [Ref7672:Cadieux et al., 2013]. |
23322859
|
|
|
CIN1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23890540
|
|
799336891
|
CNAG_07718 |
CP003827 |
XP_012051371 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Disruption of the CIN1 gene had a pleiotropic effect on growth, normal cytokinesis, intracellular transports and the production of several virulence factors. Additionally, Cin1 interacts with cryptococcal Cdc42 and Wsp1 (a WASP homologue) proteins in vitro, suggesting a conserved role in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton [Ref7673:Shen et al., 2010]. |
20345666
|
|
|
CLP1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23885768
|
|
799330070
|
CNAG_02111 |
CP003825 |
XP_012049851 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The deletion of CLP1 leads to a block in sexual development after cell fusion but before filament formation, and cells without CLP1 are unable to grow vegetatively after cell fusion [Ref7674:Ekena et al., 2008]. |
17993575
|
|
|
CMT |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884503
|
|
799313444
|
CNAG_00721 |
CP003820 |
XP_012046408 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Mutant strains lacking CMTs or expressing Cmt variants defective in Cu-coordination exhibit severely attenuated virulence and reduced pulmonary colonization [Ref7675:Ding et al., 2013]. |
23498952
|
|
|
CMT1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884765
|
|
799327311
|
CNAG_01019 |
CP003824 |
XP_012049259 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Had no effect on virulence in an animal model of cryptococcosis [Ref7676:Sommer et al., 2003]. |
14504286
|
|
|
CnMT1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888764
|
|
799347653
|
CNAG_05449 |
CP003833 |
XP_012053609 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The CnMT1 was identified as one of the metallothioneins (MTs) and played an essential role in C. neoformans copper resistance [Ref7677:Palacios et al., 2014]. |
24317230
|
|
|
CPA1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23883998
|
|
799314095
|
CNAG_00135 |
CP003820 |
XP_012046553 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The cpa1 mutant is inviable at 39℃ and attenuated for virulence [Ref7678:Wang et al., 2001]. |
11415984
|
|
|
CPL1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23887151
|
|
799318261
|
CNAG_03675 |
CP003821 |
XP_012047380 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The CPL1 gene is required for capsular formation and virulence [Ref7679:Cai et al., 2015]. |
25261494
|
|
|
CRG1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23883988
|
|
799312412
|
CNAG_00125 |
CP003820 |
XP_012046183 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The regulator of G protein signaling homolog Crg1 is a key regulator of pheromone-responsive mating in Cryptococcus neoformans. A mutation in the CRG1 gene has greatly increased virulence [Ref7223:Wang et al., 2004]. |
15503029
|
|
|
CRZ1/SP1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884579
|
|
799315987
|
CNAG_00802 |
CP003820 |
XP_012046971 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Crz1 is a calcineurin-dependent transcription factor. Δcna1, and a CRZ1/SP1 mutant (Δcrz1) had attenuated cell wall integrity [Ref7680:Lev et al., 2012]. |
23251520
|
|
|
CTR1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23890524
|
|
799332799
|
CNAG_07701 |
CP003826 |
XP_012050436 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Ctr1 is a Cu transporter and this gene was significantly induced under Cu limited conditions [Ref7681:Ding et al., 2011]. |
21819456
|
|
|
CTR2 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23885542
|
|
799343669
|
CNAG_01872 |
CP003830 |
XP_012052816 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The mutant displayed sensitivity to copper starvation and defects in polysaccharide capsule production and melanization, leading to increased phagocytosis by murine RAW264.7 macrophages [Ref7682:Chun and Madhani, 2010]. |
20824073
|
|
|
CTS1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886831
|
|
799335143
|
CNAG_03319 |
CP003827 |
XP_012050913 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The cts1 mutant exhibited defects in cell separation, growth, mating, and haploid fruiting however these were inviable when calcineurin was mutated or inhibited [Ref7683:Fox et al., 2003]. |
14555485
|
|
|
ECA1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886879
|
|
799336286
|
CNAG_03370 |
CP003827 |
XP_012051213 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Eca1 is involved in maintaining ER function, thus contributing to stress tolerance and virulence acting in parallel with Ca2+-calcineurin signaling [Ref7685:Fan et al., 2007]. |
17502401
|
|
|
ERG11 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886550
|
|
799322300
|
CNAG_03009 |
CP003822 |
XP_012048275 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: ERG11 is the target of FLC and AFR1, the major transporter of azoles in C. neoformans [Ref7686:Revankar et al., 2004][Ref7687:Sionov et al., 2010]. |
15474487
20368972
|
|
|
FBP1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888606
|
|
799325215
|
CNAG_05280 |
CP003823 |
XP_012048824 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Fbp1 mutants showed normal growth and produced normal major virulence factors. Fbp1 is important for fungal sexual reproduction and the mutant showed attenuated virulence in mouse models [Ref7688:Liu et al., 2011]. |
21478432
|
|
|
FRE3 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23889716
|
|
799333819
|
CNAG_06524 |
CP003826 |
XP_012050663 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: FRE3 was shown to express an iron reductase activity and to play a role in iron-dependent growth of C. neoformans. Overexpression of FRE3 in the two original environmental strains increased growth in the macrophage cell line J774.16 and increased virulence [Ref7689:Hu et al., 2014]. |
24692633
|
|
|
FRR1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886292
|
|
799320765
|
CNAG_02729 |
CP003822 |
XP_012047918 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: This gene encoding the C. neoformans FKBP12 homolog, Disruption this gene conferred the fungi Rapamycin resistance [Ref7690:Cruz et al., 1999]. |
10330150
|
|
|
FTR1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888240
|
|
799339745
|
CNAG_04864 |
CP003829 |
XP_012051928 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: FTR1 disruption mutant grows more slowly than wild-type cells in low-iron medium, and shows delayed growth and altered capsule regulation in iron-replete medium [Lian et al., 2005]. |
|
|
|
GTA1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884053
|
|
799314302
|
CNAG_00193 |
CP003820 |
XP_012046597 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The gta1 mutant exhibited impaired growth on all amino acids tested as sole nitrogen sources, with the exception of arginine and proline. Gat1 is not required for C. neoformans survival during macrophage infection or for virulence in a mouse model of cryptococcosis [Ref7691:Kmetzsch et al., 2011][Ref7691:Kmetzsch et al., 2011]. |
20673806
|
|
|
GAT201 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23885250
|
|
799342738
|
CNAG_01551 |
CP003830 |
XP_012052593 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Gat201 is a regulator of multiple virulence pathways.GAT201 participates directly or indirectly in the regulation of both capsule induction and melanization [Ref7693:Liu et al., 2008]. |
18854164
|
|
|
GLR1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886023
|
|
799331197
|
CNAG_02399 |
CP003825 |
XP_012050124 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The glr1Delta mutant is sensitive to nitrosative stress and macrophage killing in addition to being avirulent in mice [Ref7694:Missall et al., 2006]. |
16524907
|
|
|
GMT1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23889106
|
|
799333326
|
CNAG_05817 |
CP003826 |
XP_012050553 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: GMT1 is one of the genes encoding GDP-mannose transporters in C. neoformans. Deletion of the GMT1 gene yields cells with small capsules and a defect in capsule induction [Ref7695:Cottrell et al., 2007]. |
17351078
|
|
|
GBP1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884994
|
|
799327999
|
CNAG_01262 |
CP003824 |
XP_012049425 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The gene encoding a heterotrimeric G-protein beta subunit. This gene is required for mating and haploid fruiting in Cryptococcus neoformans [Ref7696:Wang et al., 2000]. |
10594037
|
|
|
GPI8 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23887934
|
|
799339219
|
CNAG_04525 |
CP003828 |
XP_012051855 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: GPI8 gene encoding a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) transamidase. The GPI8 gene appears to be essential while disruption of the CIG1 gene encoding a mannoprotein resulted in impaired growth in low-iron medium and altered capsule response to the iron-replete condition [Lian et al., 2005]. |
|
|
|
GPX1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23889502
|
|
799346519
|
CNAG_06287 |
CP003832 |
XP_012053381 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The mutant is sensitive to various peroxide stresses while showing wild-type resistance to other oxidant stresses and exhibit wild-type virulence in a mouse model of cryptococcosis [Ref7697:Missall et al., 2005]. |
16079336
|
|
|
GSK3(Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B-3501A) |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B-3501A |
4934593
|
|
134108634
|
CNBB4980 |
AAEY01000011 |
XP_776970 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: It serves as an important link between sterol biosynthesis, oxygen sensing, CoCl2 sensitivity. The mutation showed no virulence in a mouse infection model [Ref7698:Chang et al., 2009]. |
19749173
|
|
|
HEM15(Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21) |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3258191
|
|
58268754
|
CNF01700 |
AE017346 |
XP_571533 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: This gene, HEM15, is predicted to encode a ferrochelatase that catalyses the final step in haem biosynthesis from highly photoreactive porphyrins. HEM15 is regulated by light and the mutants are photosensitive and exhibit reduced virulence [Ref7699:Idnurm and Heitman, 2010]. |
20488877
|
|
|
HXS1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23887240
|
|
799317528
|
CNAG_03772 |
CP003821 |
XP_012047216 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Hxs1 is required for glucose uptake. hxs1Δ mutant exhibited a significant reduction in glucose uptake activity [Ref7700:Liu et al., 2013]. |
23691177
|
|
|
HXT1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886943
|
|
799336417
|
CNAG_03438 |
CP003827 |
XP_012051260 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: hxt1 mutant strain showed virulence similar to that of the wild-type strain in experiments with Caenorhabditis elegans [Ref7701:Chikamori and Fukushima, 2005]. |
15907385
|
|
|
ICL1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888629
|
|
799325265
|
CNAG_05303 |
CP003823 |
XP_012048837 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Targeted deletion of ICL1 resulted in a dramatic decline in viability of C. neoformans cells under nitrogen deprivation [Ref7702:Xu et al., 2016]. |
27350614
|
|
|
ilv2 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884226
|
|
799314770
|
CNAG_00418 |
CP003820 |
XP_012046704 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The Cryptococcus neoformans ILV2 gene, encoding acetolactate synthase. The ilv2 mutants were auxotrophic for isoleucine and valine and the auxotrophy was satisfied by these amino acids only when proline, and not ammonium, was the nitrogen source, indicating nitrogen regulation of amino acid transport [Ref7703:Kingsbury et al., 2004]. |
15133116
|
|
|
ITR3C |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888700
|
|
799348169
|
CNAG_05381 |
CP003833 |
XP_012053726 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: itr1a itr3c double mutants showed significant virulence attenuation in murine infection models [Ref7705:Wang et al., 2011]. |
21398509
|
|
|
ITR1a |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23887954
|
|
799340296
|
CNAG_04552 |
CP003829 |
XP_012052055 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: itr1a itr3c double mutants showed significant virulence attenuation in murine infection models [Ref7705:Wang et al., 2011]. |
21398509
|
|
|
KIC1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23889660
|
|
799347048
|
CNAG_06454 |
CP003832 |
XP_012053507 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Kic1 in one of the components of RAM signaling pathway.Disruption of this pathway leads to hyperpolarization and attenuated virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans [Ref7665:Walton et al., 2006]. |
16775005
|
|
|
KRE5 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23887124
|
|
799317274
|
CNAG_03648 |
CP003821 |
XP_012047161 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: KREgenes are required for b-1,6-glucan synthesis,maintenance of capsule architecture and cell wall proteinanchoring in Cryptococcus neoformans [Ref7199:Gilbert et al., 2010]. |
20384682
|
|
|
LIV7 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3258763
|
|
58269702
|
CNG02580 |
AE017347 |
XP_572007 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Liv7 is a functional Golgi factor where it promotes the suppression of the exposure of a specific immunostimulatory molecule, |
|
|
|
MAC1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23889624
|
|
799346943
|
CNAG_06415 |
CP003832 |
XP_012053482 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: mac1D mutants exhibit defects in filamentation, melanin production, and high |
|
|
|
MET2 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884846
|
|
799326475
|
CNAG_01103 |
CP003824 |
XP_012049059 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: met mutants showed attenuated virulence in a mouse model [Ref7708:Nazi et al., 2007]. |
17353245
|
|
|
MET6 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884226
|
|
799314770
|
CNAG_00418 |
CP003820 |
XP_012046704 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The MET6 gene showed a substantial induction in response to methionine and a dramatic transcriptional induction in response to homocysteine [Ref7201:Pascon et al., 2004]. |
15347759
|
|
|
MID1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23887264
|
|
799317583
|
CNAG_03805 |
CP003821 |
XP_012047228 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Mid1, a binding partner of Cch1,function as a store-operated Ca(2+)-selective channel gated by depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) stores [Ref7711:Hong et al., 2013]. |
23175710
|
|
|
MPD1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans B-3501A |
4934847
|
|
134109153
|
CNBC1820 |
AAEY01000013 |
XP_776691 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: MPD is required for mannitol biosynthesis and the ability to synthesize mannitol is essential for wild-type stress tolerance and virulence [Ref7712:Suvarna et al., 2000]. |
11021946
|
|
|
MPR1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884111
|
|
799314471
|
CNAG_00289 |
CP003820 |
XP_012046632 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Mpr1 (mpr1Δ) failed to breach the endothelium in an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) [Ref7713:Vu et al., 2014]. |
24895304
|
|
|
OVA1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23890195
|
|
799316317
|
CNAG_07338 |
CP003820 |
XP_012047040 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: OVA1 encodes a putative phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein that appears to negatively influence capsule production and melanin accumulation [Ref7714:Hu et al., 2007]. |
17367210
|
|
|
PCK1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23887655
|
|
799338421
|
CNAG_04217 |
CP003828 |
XP_012051670 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Deletion of PCK1 results in defective growth on lactic acid, normal growth on glucose, and attenuated virulence [Ref7218:Panepinto et al., 2005]. |
15765146
|
|
|
PDE1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888431
|
|
799323689
|
CNAG_05081 |
CP003823 |
XP_012048491 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The resulting mutants exhibited moderately elevated levels of melanin and capsule production relative to the wild type [Ref7716:Hicks et al., 2005]. |
16339715
|
|
|
PEX1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23890250
|
|
799325851
|
CNAG_07403 |
CP003824 |
XP_012048907 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The pex1 and pex6 deletion mutants were unable to localize the fluorescent DsRED-SKL protein to peroxisomal punctate structures, in contrast to wild-type cells. The pex1 mutant exhibits wild-type virulence in a murine inhalation model and in an insect host, demonstrating that peroxisomes are not required for virulence under these conditions [Ref7717:Idnurm et al., 2007]. |
17041184
|
|
|
PEX6 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23887613
|
|
799337413
|
CNAG_04174 |
CP003828 |
XP_012051430 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The pex1 and pex6 deletion mutants were unable to localize the fluorescent DsRED-SKL protein to peroxisomal punctate structures, in contrast to wild-type cells. pex1 and pex6 single mutants and a pex1 pex6 double mutant exhibit identical phenotypes, including abolished growth on fatty acids but no growth difference on acetate [Ref7717:Idnurm et al., 2007]. |
17041184
|
|
|
PIK1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23887770
|
|
799337705
|
CNAG_04335 |
CP003828 |
XP_012051498 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Deletion of each PIK1, RUB1, and ENA1 differentially reduced pulmonary growth and dissemination rates of C. neoformans and extended mice survival [Ref7718:He et al., 2012]. |
22846723
|
|
|
RUB1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23889180
|
|
799333617
|
CNAG_05896 |
CP003826 |
XP_012050615 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Deletion of each PIK1, RUB1, and ENA1 differentially reduced pulmonary growth and dissemination rates of C. neoformans and extended mice survival [Ref7718:He et al., 2012]. |
22846723
|
|
|
PKA2(Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21,serotype D) |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3253199
|
|
58258927
|
CNA05510 |
AE017341 |
XP_566876 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The divergent Pka2 catalytic subunit was found to regulate mating, haploid fruiting, and virulence factor production in serotype D strains [Ref7222:Hicks et al., 2004]. |
14871933
|
|
|
PKH2-02 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886463
|
|
799320505
|
CNAG_02915 |
CP003822 |
XP_012047847 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Pkh2-02-mediated signaling in C. neoformans is crucial for stress tolerance, host-pathogen interactions, and both temperature-dependent and -independent virulence [Ref7719:Chabrier-Roselló et al., 2013]. |
23087368
|
|
|
PLC1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888974
|
|
799332333
|
CNAG_05677 |
CP003826 |
XP_012050330 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Plc1 is a central regulator of cryptococcal virulence, acting through the protein kinase C/MAPK pathway, that it regulates release of Plb1 from the plasma membrane and is a candidate antifungal drug target [Ref7720:Chayakulkeeree et al., 2008]. |
18532984
|
|
|
PMT4 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884742
|
|
799327247
|
CNAG_00996 |
CP003824 |
XP_012049244 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Disruption of the C. neoformans PMT4 gene resulted in abnormal growth morphology and defective cell separation and attenuated virulence [Ref7721:Olson et al., 2007]. |
17142566
|
|
|
PPG1 |
Cryptococcus gattii WM276 |
10188577
|
|
321250494
|
CGB_A7010W |
CP000286 |
XP_003191827 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Phosphatase Ppg1 is crucial for cell integrity [Ref7658:Gerik et al., 2005]. |
16194228
|
|
|
PTP |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888497
|
|
799324873
|
CNAG_05155 |
CP003823 |
XP_012048746 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: PTP1 and PTP2 were found to be stress-inducible genes, which were controlled by the MAPK Hog1 and the transcription factor Atf1. Ptp2 suppressed the hyperphosphorylation of Hog1 and was involved in mediating vegetative growth, sexual differentiation, stress responses, antifungal drug resistance, and virulence factor regulation through the negative-feedback loop of the HOG pathway. In contrast, Ptp1 was not essential for Hog1 regulation, despite its Hog1-dependent induction [Ref7722:Lee et al., 2014]. |
24728196
|
|
|
PYK1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23885494
|
|
799342196
|
CNAG_01820 |
CP003830 |
XP_012052462 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Deletion of PYK1 blocked for entry of 2- and 3-carbon substrates into gluconeogenesis and attenuated for virulence in a murine inhalation model [Ref7723:Price et al., 2011]. |
21652778
|
|
|
RAC1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23889257
|
|
799344608
|
CNAG_05998 |
CP003831 |
XP_012052960 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The Rac paralogs play a primary role in polarized growth via the organization of reactive oxygen species and play only a minor role in the organization of actin [Ref7724:Ballou et al., 2013]. |
23748012
|
|
|
RAS2 |
Cryptococcus gattii WM276 |
10186290
|
|
321262879
|
CGB_I2550C |
CP000294 |
XP_003196158 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The Ras1 signal transduction pathway controls the ability of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans to grow at high temperatures and to mate [Ref7220:Wang et al., 2002]. |
12455960
|
|
|
RDI1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886828
|
|
799336188
|
CNAG_03316 |
CP003827 |
XP_012051176 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: RDI1-overexpressing strains exhibited altered morphology compared to that of the wild type, with apparent defects in maintaining proper cell polarity and cytokinesis. RDI1 deletion resulted in increased vacuole size in tissue culture medium and aberrant cell morphology at neutral pH [Ref7726:Price et al., 2008]. |
18779335
|
|
|
Rim101 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888747
|
|
799348354
|
CNAG_05431 |
CP003833 |
XP_012053767 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Downstream regulation of the Rim101 transcription factor and determined potential cell wall processes involved in the capsule attachment defects and altered mechanisms of virulence in the rim101Δ mutant [Ref7656:Ormerod et al., 2013]. |
23550133
|
|
|
RPB4 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23885158
|
|
799325943
|
CNAG_01444 |
CP003824 |
XP_012048930 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Deletion of Rpb4, growth at host temperature was impaired and virulence was attenuated [Ref7727:Bloom et al., 2013]. |
23659661
|
|
|
SAC6 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888121
|
|
799340789
|
CNAG_04738 |
CP003829 |
XP_012052174 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Endocytic processes were hampered in the sac6Δ mutant, but cell polarity and cytokinesis were not visibly disturbed however had no effect on virulence in mice [Ref7728:Chang et al., 2012]. |
22562467
|
|
|
SCP1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23885279
|
|
799342834
|
CNAG_01580 |
CP003830 |
XP_012052616 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Orthologs of mammalian SREBP and Scap,, monitor oxygen-dependent sterol synthesis as a measure of cellular oxygen supply. Yeast Scp1 responds to 4-methyl sterols and thus shares properties with mammalian HMG-CoA reductase, a sterol-sensing domain protein whose degradation is regulated by the 4-methyl sterol lanosterol [Ref7729:Hughes et al., 2007]. |
17595166
|
|
|
SRE1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888183
|
|
799340974
|
CNAG_04804 |
CP003829 |
XP_012052219 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Orthologs of mammalian SREBP and Scap.fission yeast Scp1 responds to 4-methyl sterols and thus shares properties with mammalian HMG-CoA reductase, a sterol-sensing domain protein whose degradation is regulated by the 4-methyl sterol lanosterol [Ref7729:Hughes et al., 2007]. |
17595166
|
|
|
SEC14 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886679
|
|
799335732
|
CNAG_03153 |
CP003827 |
XP_012051055 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: CnΔsec14-1 was hypovirulent in mice and did not disseminate to the CNS by day 14 post infection. Furthermore, macrophage expulsion of live CnΔsec14-1was reduced [Ref7730:Chayakulkeeree et al., 2011]. |
21453402
|
|
|
SIN1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888078
|
|
799340073
|
CNAG_04693 |
CP003829 |
XP_012052002 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Deletion of SIN1 affected cell viability in the presence of sphingolipid biosynthesis inhibitors [Ref7731:Lee et al., 2012]. |
22339665
|
|
|
SKN1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884668
|
|
799326790
|
CNAG_00897 |
CP003824 |
XP_012049134 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: SKN1 are involved in beta-1,6-glucan synthesis, maintenance of cell wall integrity and retention of mannoproteins and known cryptococcal virulence factors in the cell wall of C. neoformans [Ref7199:Gilbert et al., 2010]. |
20384682
|
|
|
SMT1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886342
|
|
799320701
|
CNAG_02784 |
CP003822 |
XP_012047899 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Δsmt1 mutant loses more than 80% of its virulence compared with the wild type and the reconstituted strain [Ref7733:Singh et al., 2012]. |
22151739
|
|
|
SPE3-LYS9 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886976
|
|
799336493
|
CNAG_03476 |
CP003827 |
XP_012051284 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: SPE3-lys9 mutants grew slowly at 30 degrees C, were temperature sensitive in rich medium, and died upon lysine starvation [Ref7734:Kingsbury et al., 2004]. |
15189996
|
|
|
SPO11 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888787
|
|
799348483
|
CNAG_05472 |
CP003833 |
XP_012053797 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Spo11 and Ubc5 promote sporulation during both bisexual and unisexual reproduction [Ref7735:Feretzaki and Heitman, 2013]. |
23966871
|
|
|
ZNF3 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23889535
|
|
799346151
|
CNAG_06324 |
CP003832 |
XP_012053292 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Znf3 participates in transposon silencing during unisexual reproduction and may serve as a link between RNAi silencing and sexual [Ref7735:Feretzaki and Heitman, 2013]. |
23966871
|
|
|
SSN8 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884246
|
|
799314820
|
CNAG_00440 |
CP003820 |
XP_012046717 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Ssn8 functions as a global regulator which negatively regulates diverse physiological and developmental processes and is required for virulence in C. neoformans [Ref7736:Wang et al., 2011]. |
21559476
|
|
|
STE50 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23890345
|
|
799320432
|
CNAG_07507 |
CP003822 |
XP_012047827 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: C. neoformans STE50 gene has both conserved and novel functions during sexual reproduction and monokaryotic fruiting, and these functions are domain-dependent [Ref7737:Fu et al., 2011]. |
21299652
|
|
|
STE6 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884643
|
|
799326899
|
CNAG_00869 |
CP003824 |
XP_012049160 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The ste6 mutants in either mating-type background showed partially impaired mating functions, and mating was completely abolished in a bilateral mutant cross [Ref7738:Hsueh and Shen, 2005]. |
15643070
|
|
|
STE7 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23885419
|
|
799343243
|
CNAG_01730 |
CP003830 |
XP_012052715 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Ste7 and Cpk1 kinases were found to act as a co-ordinate signalling module, whereas the Ste12alpha transcription factor functions with a redundant partner or in a branched or parallel signalling pathway [Ref7215:de et al., 2003]. |
14614821
|
|
|
Sxi1alpha |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23889981
|
|
799328572
|
CNAG_06814 |
CP003824 |
XP_012049563 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: SXI1alpha establishes alpha cell identity and controls progression through the sexual cycle. Ectopic expression of SXI1alpha in a cells is sufficient to drive a/alpha sexual development [Ref7740:Hull et al., 2002]. |
12464634
|
|
|
THR1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23887595
|
|
799338232
|
CNAG_04156 |
CP003828 |
XP_012051624 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: THR1 were essential for the growth of C. neoformans in rich media, when ammonium was the nitrogen source, or when threonine was supplied as an amino acid instead of a dipeptide [Ref7741:Kingsbury and McCusker, 2008]. |
18757810
|
|
|
TOR |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23889821
|
|
799334188
|
CNAG_06642 |
CP003826 |
XP_012050751 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Antifungal activity of rapamycin and rapamycin analogs is mediated via conserved complexes with FKBP12 and Tor kinase homologs in divergent yeasts [Ref7742:Cruz et al., 2001]. |
11600372
|
|
|
TUF1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884211
|
|
799312946
|
CNAG_00403 |
CP003820 |
XP_012046298 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: This gene participates in mitochondrial protein synthesis [Ref7218:Panepinto et al., 2005]. |
15765146
|
|
|
UBP5(Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99) |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888948
|
|
799348958
|
CNAG_05650 |
CP003833 |
XP_012053906 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: ubp5Δ mutant exhibited severely attenuated virulence and many distinct phenotypes, including decreased capsule formation, hypomelanization, defective sporulation, and elevated sensitivity to several external stressors [Ref7743:Fang et al., 2012]. |
22719877
|
|
|
UGD1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888330
|
|
799324327
|
CNAG_04969 |
CP003823 |
XP_012048628 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Deletion of UGD1 blocked not only the synthesis of UDP-glucuronic acid but also that of UDP-xylose and modifications in the cell wall [Ref7745:Moyrand and Janbon, 2004]. |
15590833
|
|
|
UGE |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23889297
|
|
799345213
|
CNAG_06050 |
CP003831 |
XP_012053101 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: UGE2 is necessary for C. neoformans cells to utilize galactose as a carbon source at 30 degrees C but is not required for virulence. In contrast, deletion of UGE1 does not affect cell growth on galactose at this temperature [Ref7746:Moyrand et al., 2008]. |
18820075
|
|
|
URA4 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884513
|
|
799315752
|
CNAG_00734 |
CP003820 |
XP_012046922 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Loss of the C. neoformans Ura4 protein, resulted in an expected uracil/uridine auxotrophy and an unexpected high temperature growth defect [Ref7748:de et al., 2014]. |
25011011
|
|
|
CXT1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3254907
|
|
58261216
|
CNL04750 |
AE017352 |
XP_568018 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: This gene (USX1) encodes the previously identified UDP-xylose synthase. We demonstrated that it is necessary for both capsule xylosylation and C. neoformans virulence [Ref7750:Moyrand et al., 2002]. |
12139628
|
|
|
UVE1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886733
|
|
799335909
|
CNAG_03213 |
CP003827 |
XP_012051101 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The mutantation of UVE1 leads to a UV hypersensitive phenotype [Ref7751:Verma and Idnurm, 2013]. |
24039606
|
|
|
VCX1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23886488
|
|
799320487
|
CNAG_02940 |
CP003822 |
XP_012047842 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: The loss of VCX1 does not influence cell wall integrity or capsule size but decreases secretion of the major capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) in culture supernatants.Vcx1 also influences C. neoformans phagocytosis by murine macrophages and is required for full virulence in mice [Ref7752:Kmetzsch et al., 2010]. |
20889719
|
|
|
VPS41 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23887728
|
|
799337615
|
CNAG_04293 |
CP003828 |
XP_012051477 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: VPS41 plays a key role in regulating starvation response in this pathogenic organism and that defects in cell cycle arrest are associated with attenuated pathogenic fitness in mammalian hosts [Ref7753:Liu et al., 2006]. |
16879414
|
|
|
VTC4 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23884995
|
|
799328003
|
CNAG_01263 |
CP003824 |
XP_012049426 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Deletion of the VTC4 gene encoding a polyphosphate polymerase blocked the ability of C. neoformans to produce polyphosphate. The vtc4 mutant behaved like the wild-type strain in interactions with macrophages and in the mouse infection model [Ref7754:Kretschmer et al., 2014]. |
24711572
|
|
|
XRN1(Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21) |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 |
3257877
|
|
58267550
|
CNE03620 |
AE017345 |
XP_570931 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Deletion of XRN1 impairs uni- and bisexual mating [Ref7755:Wollschlaeger et al., 2014]. |
25267175
|
|
|
CXT1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888490
|
|
799324846
|
CNAG_05148 |
CP003823 |
XP_012048740 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Xylbeta1,2-transferase (Cxt1p) that participates in capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis is also the sole transferase responsible for adding xylose to C. neoformans glycosphingolipids [Ref7757:Castle et al., 2008][Ref7756:Klutts et al., 2007]. |
18676952
17430900
|
|
|
YPD1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23889385
|
|
799345490
|
CNAG_06151 |
CP003831 |
XP_012053169 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Ypd1 is required for the viability of C. neoformans via the Hog1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway but plays multiple cellular roles in both a Hog1-dependent and -independent manner [Ref7758:Lee et al., 2011]. |
21642509
|
|
|
YPK1 |
Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii H99 |
23888064
|
|
799340637
|
CNAG_04678 |
CP003829 |
XP_012052138 |
|
Virulence factor |
MUTATION: Deletion of PDK1, SIN1 or YPK1 but not MPK1 affected cell viability in the presence of sphingolipid biosynthesis inhibitors [Ref7731:Lee et al., 2012]. |
22339665
|
