Protegen ID Gene Name Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) NCBI Gene ID NCBI Nucleotide GI NCBI Protein GI Locus Tag Genbank Accession Protein Accession Protein Name Protein Annotation Molecule Role Molecule Role Annotation COG PMID 3363 ORF10 Varicella-zoster virus 1487675 9625885 HHV3_gp12 NP_040133.1 transactivates immediate early genes Virulence factor MUTATION: deletion of ORF10 reduced viral titers and the extent of cutaneous lesions significantly in SCIDhu skin xenografts in vivo [Ref6798:Che et al., 2006]. 16537591 4526 ICP0 Human herpesvirus 1 2703390 9629439 HHV1gp082 X14112 NP_044660 mRNA Virulence factor MUTATION: ICP0 null HSV-1 mutant is avirulent in mice [Ref7033:Halford et al., 2006].; 16764725 4527 gD Human herpesvirus 1 2703406 9629447 HHV1gp094 L00036 NP_044668 mRNA Virulence factor MUTATION: A HSV-1 strain with mutatinos in the gD gene is attenuated for virulence in mice [Ref7034:Awasthi et al., 2008].; 18243431 4528 ICP34.5 Human herpesvirus 1 2703396 9629440 HHV1gp083 X14112 NP_044661 neurovirulence protein ICP34.5 Virulence factor MUTATION: ICP34.5 mutant virus is avirulent in mice [Ref7035:Ward et al., 2003].; 12663769 4529 UL41 Human herpesvirus 1 2703365 9629422 HHV1gp060 X14112 NP_044643 tegument host shutoff protein Virulence factor MUTATION: Viruses lacking UL41 (vhs) are attenuated in mice [Ref7036:Smith et al., 2000].; 10729135 4976 US8 Human herpesvirus 1 2703448 9629449 HHV1gp101 X02138 NP_044670 mRNA Virulence factor MUTATION: An HSV-1 gE (US8) deletion strain is attenuated in mice [Ref7390:Brittle et al., 2008]. 18562543 4977 UL29 Human herpesvirus 1 2703458 9629410 HHV1gp41.5 X14112 NP_044631 single-stranded DNA-binding protein Virulence factor MUTATION: A UL29 mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7391:Morrison and Knipe, 1994]. 8289372 4978 UL23 Human herpesvirus 1 2703374 9629403 HHV1gp034 X14112 NP_044624 thymidine kinase Virulence factor MUTATION: A thymidine kinase-deficient (UL23) mutant was found to be attenuated in mice [Ref7392:Field and Wildy, 1978]. 212476 4979 gH Herpes simplex virus (type 1 / strain 17) 138315 Envelope glycoprotein H Virulence factor MUTATION: A gH mutant is attenuated in mice [Ref7393:Farrell et al., 1994]. 8289395 5026 US3 Human herpesvirus 2 1487355 9629333 HHV2gp66 Z86099 NP_044533 serine/threonine protein kinase US3 Virulence factor The mutant, L1BR1, could replicate in Vero cells as efficiently as the parental virus. L1BR1 were examined in mice by using four routes (footpad, intraperitoneal, corneal, and intracerebral) of infection, the mutant displayed the route-dependent reduction of virulence. After inoculation by footpad and intraperitoneal routes, the mutant was more than 10,000-fold less virulent than the parental virus. [Ref7430:Nishiyama et al., 1992] 1326804 5027 UL39 Human herpesvirus 1 2703361 9629420 HHV1gp057 X14112 NP_044641 ribonucleotide reductase subunit 1 Virulence factor The RR mutant was extremely impaired in its ability to induce external vaginal lesions or to cause death in mice following intracerebral, intraperitoneal, or intravaginal inoculation, or in guinea pigs following intraperitoneal or intravaginal inoculation. The RR mutant replicated poorly in the vagina of mice and guinea pigs. [Ref7431:Idowu et al., 1992] 1313220 5028 gC 330092 Virulence factor A previous study from our laboratory showed that a mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), strain KOS-321, carrying a deletion in the structural gene for glycoprotein C (gC) had reduced pathogenicity for the mouse central nervous system when compared to the wild-type virus (Kümel et al., 1985). In this study, eight additional gC negative (gC-) mutants derived from KOS-321 were shown to vary widely in their ability to induce lethal encephalitis in female DBA/2 mice following intracerebral inoculation. [Ref7432:Sunstrum et al., 1988] 2845681 5059 infected-cell protein (ICP34.5) 330116 330117 AAA45791.1 Virulence factor All rabbits infected with the ICP34.5 mutant virus (d34.5) survived, even at challenge doses greater than 4 x 10(7) PFU per eye. In contrast, a 200-fold-lower challenge dose of 2 x 10(5) PFU per eye was lethal for approximately 50% of rabbits infected with either the wild-type McKrae parental virus or a rescued ICP34.5 mutant in which both copies of the ICP34.5 gene were restored. [Ref7463:Perng et al., 1995] 7707530 5060 LAT 3002817 Virulence factor These results suggest for the first time (i) that regions past the first 1.5 kb of LAT can compensate for deletions in the first 1.5kb of LAT and may therefore play a role in LAT dependent spontaneous reactivation and (ii) that regions of LAT affect viral virulence. [Ref7464:Perng et al., 1999] 9882292 5061 UL13 Human herpesvirus 1 2703383 9629393 HHV1gp018 AX164125 NP_044614 tegument serine/threonine protein kinase Virulence factor We isolated a UL13 gene-deleted mutant of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strain VR3 (VRDelta13) and its revertant virus (VRDelta13R). VRDelta13 was cleared in the early period of intraperitoneal infection. VRDelta13 had a higher sensitivity to the mouse type I interferon (IFN) and showed a higher level of IFN induction in the study period of infection than did VR3 and VRDelta13R. These results suggest that a nonspecific antiviral response (i.e., the IFN system) may contribute to this rapid inhibition of viral replication in vivo. [Ref7465:Shibaki et al., 2001] 11429158 5062 LAT-2 330128 330129 AAA45796.1 Virulence factor dLAT1.5, a mutant with LAT nucleotides 76 to 1667 deleted. dLAT1.5 had similar or slightly reduced virulence in rabbits (based on survival following ocular infection). In contrast, in mice, dLAT1.5 had increased virulence (P < 0.0001). Thus, deletion of LAT nucleotides 76 to 1667 increased viral virulence in mice but not in rabbits. [Ref7466:Perng et al., 2001] 11533165 5063 UL24 Human herpesvirus 2 1487308 9629293 HHV2gp26 Z86099 NP_044493 nuclear protein UL24 Virulence factor UL24-betagluc was not virulent after intravaginal inoculation of BALB/c mice in that all inoculated animals survived doses up to 400 times the 50% lethal dose (LD50) of the parental virus. Furthermore, few UL24-betagluc-inoculated mice developed any vaginal lesions. Although genital lesions developed in some UL24-betagluc-inoculated guinea pigs, both the overall number of lesions and the severity of disease were far less than that observed for animals infected with parental strain 186. [Ref7467:Blakeney et al., 2005] 16051842 5064 US6 Human herpesvirus 1 2703444 HHV1gp096 mRNA Virulence factor mutations in the gD gene at amino acid residues 3 and 38 by changing alanine to cysteine and tyrosine to cysteine, respectively (A3C/Y38C). When tested in the murine flank model, the mutant virus was markedly attenuated for virulence and caused only mild disease, while the parental and rescued viruses produced much more severe disease. Therefore, this gD mutant virus impaired in entry may represent a novel candidate for an attenuated live HSV-1 vaccine. [Ref7034:Awasthi et al., 2008] 18243431 5107 US11 Human herpesvirus 1 2703439 9629453 HHV1gp107 X02138 NP_044674 tegument protein US11 Virulence factor Mutants exhibited a significantly reduced virulence (106 to 107 PFU/LD50), the LD50 of wild-type HSV-1(F) is 102 PFU. [Ref7504:Meignier et al., 1988] 2827384 5108 US2 Human herpesvirus 1 2703399 9629443 HHV1gp087 HM585513 NP_044664 mRNA Virulence factor Mutants exhibited a significantly reduced virulence (106 to 107 PFU/LD50), the LD50 of wild-type HSV-1(F) is 102 PFU.; [Ref7504:Meignier et al., 1988] 2827384 5109 UL13 5110 US7 Human herpesvirus 1 2703446 9629448 HHV1gp098 JN555585 NP_044669 mRNA Virulence factor Mutants exhibited a significantly reduced virulence (106 to 107 PFU/LD50), the LD50 of wild-type HSV-1(F) is 102 PFU.; 5111 RL1 Human herpesvirus 1 2703396 9629440 HHV1gp083 X14112 NP_044661 neurovirulence protein ICP34.5 Virulence factor Mutants exhibited a significantly reduced virulence (106 to 107 PFU/LD50), the LD50 of wild-type HSV-1(F) is 102 PFU.; [Ref7504:Meignier et al., 1988] 2827384 5112 HLA-DRB1