PHIDIAS: Pathogen-Host Interaction Data Integration and Analysis System

Phinet Name: Salmonella spp.
Phinet Information
Pathogen Name: Salmonella spp.
Pathogen NIAID Category: NIAID Category B
Bio-objects
Bio-object 1: Cell apoptosis induction
Type: Pathway or action Location: Cytoplasm Description: Salmonella modulates host cell death to cause disease. By inducing cell death, Salmonella can effectively escape from the host cells and re-infect new cells, and also remove host effector cells.(<a href="#reference5464">Paesold et al., 2002</a>)(<a href="#reference5465">Zhou et al., 2000</a>)
Bio-object 2: Cytoskeletal actin modification
Type: Pathway or action Location: Cytoplasm Description: Salmonella induces cytoskeletal actin modification at the site of bacterial contact with the host cell membrane.(<a href="#reference5463">Hayward et al., 1999</a>)
Bio-object 3: Cytoskeletal rearrangements
Type: Pathway or action Location: Cytoplasm Description: Salmonella engage host cell signalling pathways to effect a crucial host cell response for invasion, namely rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton.(<a href="#reference5463">Hayward et al., 1999</a>)
Bio-object 4: Modification of Rac, Cdc Rho GTPases
Type: Pathway or action Location: Cytoplasm Function: Enzyme activator Description: SopE directly activates Cdc42 and Rac, two Rho family GTPases that are required for Salmonella invasion.(<a href="#reference5462">Hardt et al., 1998</a>)
Bio-object 5: Needle like structure formation
Type: Pathway or action Location: Extracellular Function: Transporter Description: The type III secretion needle complex (NC) of Salmonella is a complex secretory system that functions to translocate virulence proteins into eukaryotic cells.(<a href="#reference5459">Kimbrough et al., 2000</a>)
Bio-object 6: PrgI, PrgJ proteins secretion
Type: Protein or gene complex Location: Extracellular Function: Transporter Description: The type III secretion system - dependent phase begins with the secretion and assembly of needle components (PrgI, PrgJ proteins).(<a href="#reference5458">Sukhan et al., 2003</a>)(<a href="#reference5459">Kimbrough et al., 2000</a>)
Bio-object 7: Salmonella in vacuole. SseB, C, D proteins secretion
Type: Microorganism or its component Location: Organelle -- Phagosome Description: SseB (secretion system effector), SseC, SseD proteins are secreted by the type III secretion system 2 and function as a translocon for the translocation of Ste (Salmonella translocated effector) proteins from intraphagosomal Salmonella over the phagosomal membrane into the host cell.(<a href="#reference5469">Nikolaus et al., 2001</a>)
Bio-object 8: Salmonella in vacuole. Type III Secretion System 2
Type: Microorganism or its component Location: Bacterial membrane or virus envelope Function: Transporter Description: Salmonella has a second type III secretion system. The TTSS2 is important for bacterial replication in macrophages. The TTSS2 is activated after bacteria enter into host cells and influences the fate of the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV).(<a href="#reference5468">Meresse et al., 2001</a>)
Bio-object 9: Salmonella internalization in vacuole
Type: Pathway or action Location: Organelle -- Phagosome Description: Salmonella is a facultative intracellular pathogen that inhabits a vacuolar compartment, called the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV), in infected host cells.(<a href="#reference5466">Steele-Mortimer et al., 2002</a>)
Bio-object 10: Salmonella Intracellular proliferation
Type: Pathway or action Location: Cytoplasm Description: It has also been proposed that the macrophages are the main host cells in which Salmonella proliferates in vivo. The mechanism by which Salmonella promotes intracellular proliferation is currently unknown.(<a href="#reference5466">Steele-Mortimer et al., 2002</a>)
Bio-object 11: Salmonella intracellular survival and replication
Type: Pathway or action Location: Cytoplasm Description: Localized reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is associated with intracellular replication of Salmonella in representatives of differentiated cell types (macrophage, epithelial), indicating that it is likely to be a general characteristic of Salmonella during intracellular growth.(<a href="#reference5467">Mills et al., 1998</a>)(<a href="#reference5468">Meresse et al., 2001</a>)
Bio-object 12: Salmonella systemic spread
Type: Pathway or action Location: Cell membrane Description: The TTSS2 is important for systemic infection in host cells.(<a href="#reference5470">Villarreal-Ramos et al., 2000</a>)
Bio-object 13: SipA, B, C, D translocation into the host cells
Type: Pathway or action Location: Cell membrane Function: Enzyme activator Description: The Sip proteins SipA, SipB, SipC, SipD (Salmonella invasion protein; also called Ssp for Salmonella secreted protein) are involved in invasion. SipA binds directly to actin in the host cells. SipB, SipC SipD are directly involved in the translocation process, and are themselves delivered to the cytosol of the host cell.(<a href="#reference5460">Collazo et al., 1997</a>)
Bio-object 14: SopA, B, D, E translocation into the host cells
Type: Pathway or action Location: Cell membrane Function: Enzyme activator Description: Sop A, SopB, SopD, SopE proteins are translocated into eukaryotic cells via a Sip-dependent pathway. SopA influences the induction of enteritis. SopB, SopD act to mediate inflammation.(<a href="#reference5461">Wood et al., 2000</a>)
Bio-object 15: Type III Secretion System 1
Type: Pathway or action Location: Bacterial membrane or virus envelope Function: Transporter Description: Type III secretion system (TTSS) transports bacterial proteins into the cytosol of the host cells.(<a href="#reference5458">Sukhan et al., 2003</a>)
Interactions
Interaction 1: Interaction1
Input Objects: Type III Secretion System 1 Output Objects: PrgI, PrgJ proteins secretion GO Evidence Code: Inferred from Direct Assay Description: Type III secretion system 1 (TTSS 1). The PrgI, PrgJ proteins secretion and assembly of needle like structure.(<a href="#reference5458">Sukhan et al., 2003</a>)(<a href="#reference5459">Kimbrough et al., 2000</a>)
Interaction 2: Interaction2
Input Objects: PrgI, PrgJ proteins secretion Output Objects: Needle like structure formation GO Evidence Code: Inferred from Direct Assay Description: Needle like structure formation. The virulence proteins translocation into the host cells.(<a href="#reference5459">Kimbrough et al., 2000</a>)
Interaction 3: Interaction3
Input Objects: Needle like structure formation Output Objects: SipA, B, C, D translocation into the host cells GO Evidence Code: Inferred from Direct Assay Description: The virulence SipA, B, C, D proteins translocation into the host cells.(<a href="#reference5460">Collazo et al., 1997</a>)
Interaction 4: Interaction4
Input Objects: SipA, B, C, D translocation into the host cells Output Objects: SopA, B, D, E translocation into the host cells GO Evidence Code: Inferred from Direct Assay Description: The virulence SopA, B, D, E proteins translocation into the host cells via a Sip-dependent pathway.(<a href="#reference5461">Wood et al., 2000</a>)
Interaction 5: Interaction5
Input Objects: SopA, B, D, E translocation into the host cells Output Objects: Modification of Rac, Cdc Rho GTPases GO Evidence Code: Inferred from Direct Assay Description: Modification of Cdc42 and Rac, two Rho family GTPases.(<a href="#reference5462">Hardt et al., 1998</a>)
Interaction 6: Interaction6
Input Objects: Modification of Rac, Cdc Rho GTPases Output Objects: Cytoskeletal actin modification GO Evidence Code: Inferred from Direct Assay Description: The cytoskeletal actin modification at the site of bacterial contact with the host cells.(<a href="#reference5463">Hayward et al., 1999</a>)
Interaction 7: Interaction7
Input Objects: Cytoskeletal actin modification Output Objects: Cytoskeletal rearrangements GO Evidence Code: Inferred from Direct Assay Description: The host cytoskeletal rearrangements.(<a href="#reference5463">Hayward et al., 1999</a>)
Interaction 8: Interaction8
Input Objects: Cytoskeletal rearrangements Output Objects: Cell apoptosis induction GO Evidence Code: Inferred from Direct Assay Description: Salmonella induction of apoptosis. Salmonella cells escape from the host cells and re-infect new cells.(<a href="#reference5464">Paesold et al., 2002</a>)(<a href="#reference5465">Zhou et al., 2000</a>)
Interaction 9: Interaction9
Input Objects: Cell apoptosis induction Output Objects: Salmonella internalization in vacuole GO Evidence Code: Inferred from Direct Assay Description: Formation of the Salmonella containing vacuole in infected host cells.(<a href="#reference5466">Steele-Mortimer et al., 2002</a>)
Interaction 10: Interaction10
Input Objects: Salmonella internalization in vacuole Output Objects: Salmonella intracellular survival and replication GO Evidence Code: Inferred from Direct Assay Description: Salmonella intracellular survival and replication.(<a href="#reference5467">Mills et al., 1998</a>)(<a href="#reference5468">Meresse et al., 2001</a>)
Interaction 11: Interaction11
Input Objects: Salmonella intracellular survival and replication Output Objects: Salmonella in vacuole. Type III Secretion System 2 GO Evidence Code: Inferred from Direct Assay Description: Salmonella in vacuole. The Type III secretion system 2 (TTSS 2) activation.(<a href="#reference5468">Meresse et al., 2001</a>)
Interaction 12: Interaction12
Input Objects: Salmonella in vacuole. Type III Secretion System 2 Output Objects: Salmonella in vacuole. SseB, C, D proteins secretion GO Evidence Code: Inferred from Direct Assay Description: The virulence SseB, C, D proteins secretion into the host cells via the type III secretion system 2. A translocon structure formation. The translocation of Ste proteins into the host cells.(<a href="#reference5469">Nikolaus et al., 2001</a>)
Interaction 13: Interaction13
Input Objects: Salmonella in vacuole. SseB, C, D proteins secretion Output Objects: Salmonella Intracellular proliferation GO Evidence Code: Inferred from Direct Assay Description: Salmonella Intracellular proliferation in macrophages.(<a href="#reference5466">Steele-Mortimer et al., 2002</a>)
Interaction 14: Interaction14
Input Objects: Salmonella Intracellular proliferation Output Objects: Salmonella systemic spread GO Evidence Code: Inferred from Direct Assay Description: Activation systemic spread of Salmonella cells.(<a href="#reference5470">Villarreal-Ramos et al., 2000</a>)
Pathways

Phinet Name: Salmonella spp.