Cell membrane Complex Enzyme Eukaryotic cell or cell component Microbe-host cell complex Microorganism or its component Other Other -- ion Pathway or action Protein Protein or gene Protein or gene complex Protein or protein complex Bacterial membrane or virus envelope Cell membrane Cytoplasm Eukaryotic cell or cell component Extracellular Golgi Golgi membrane Intercellular Intracellular Mitochondria Nucleocapsid/Cytoplasm Organelle Organelle -- Cell membrane Organelle -- Endoplasmic reticulum Organelle -- ER Organelle -- Golgi Organelle -- Golgi membrane Organelle -- Nucleus Organelle -- Phagolysosome Organelle -- Phagosome Organelle -- Ribosome Other Phagolysosome Phagosome Chaperone Defense, immunity protein Enzyme Enzyme activator Enzyme inhibitor Genomic S segment Infection Ligand binding or carrier Motor Nucleic acid binding Other Signal transducer Toxicity Transcription factor binding Transcription regulation Transporter Unknown IC Inferred by Curator IDA Inferred from Direct Assay IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity NAS Non-traceable Author Statement ND No biological Data available RCA inferred from Reviewed Computational Analysis TAS Traceable Author Statement NR Not Recorded Kohler S, Ekaza E, Paquet JY, Walravens K, Teyssier J, Godfroid J, Liautard JP Infection and immunity Induction of dnaK through its native heat shock promoter is necessary for intramacrophagic replication of Brucella suis 2002 11854256 PubMed Porte F, Liautard JP, Kohler S Infection and immunity Early acidification of phagosomes containing Brucella suis is essential for intracellular survival in murine macrophages 1999 10417172 PubMed Kohler S, Ekaza E, Paquet JY, Walravens K, Teyssier J, Godfroid J, Liautard JP Infection and immunity Induction of dnaK through its native heat shock promoter is necessary for intramacrophagic replication of Brucella suis 2002 11854256 PubMed Naroeni A, Porte F Infection and immunity Role of cholesterol and the ganglioside GM(1) in entry and short-term survival of Brucella suis in murine macrophages 2002 11854258 PubMed Kohler S, Porte F, Jubier-Maurin V, Ouahrani-Bettache S, Teyssier J, Liautard JP Veterinary microbiology The intramacrophagic environment of Brucella suis and bacterial response 200220 12414150 PubMed Blakely GW, Davidson AO, Sherratt DJ Journal of molecular biology Binding and cleavage of nicked substrates by site-specific recombinases XerC and XerD 199710 8995522 PubMed Canavessi AM, Harms J, de Leon Gatti N, Splitter GA Microbial pathogenesis The role of integrase/recombinase xerD and monofunctional biosynthesis peptidoglycan transglycosylase genes in the pathogenicity of Brucella abortus infection in vitro and in vivo 2004 15519045 PubMed Jakubowski SJ, Krishnamoorthy V, Christie PJ Journal of bacteriology Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirB6 protein participates in formation of VirB7 and VirB9 complexes required for type IV secretion 2003 12700266 PubMed DelVecchio VG, Kapatral V, Redkar RJ, Patra G, Mujer C, Los T, Ivanova N, Anderson I, Bhattacharyya A, Lykidis A, Reznik G, Jablonski L, Larsen N, D'Souza M, Bernal A, Mazur M, Goltsman E, Selkov E, Elzer PH, Hagius S, O'Callaghan D, Letesson JJ, Haselkor Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America The genome sequence of the facultative intracellular pathogen Brucella melitensis 20028 11756688 PubMed Hapfelmeier S, Domke N, Zambryski PC, Baron C Journal of bacteriology VirB6 is required for stabilization of VirB5 and VirB3 and formation of VirB7 homodimers in Agrobacterium tumefaciens 2000 10913084 PubMed Jones AL, Shirasu K, Kado CI Journal of bacteriology The product of the virB4 gene of Agrobacterium tumefaciens promotes accumulation of VirB3 protein 1994 8071199 PubMed de Paz HD, Sangari FJ, Bolland S, Garcia-Lobo JM, Dehio C, de la Cruz F, Llosa M Microbiology (Reading, England) Functional interactions between type IV secretion systems involved in DNA transfer and virulence 2005 16272374 PubMed Carle A, Hoppner C, Ahmed Aly K, Yuan Q, den Dulk-Ras A, Vergunst A, O'Callaghan D, Baron C Infection and immunity The Brucella suis type IV secretion system assembles in the cell envelope of the heterologous host Agrobacterium tumefaciens and increases IncQ plasmid pLS1 recipient competence 2006 16368963 PubMed Terradot L, Bayliss R, Oomen C, Leonard GA, Baron C, Waksman G Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Structures of two core subunits of the bacterial type IV secretion system, VirB8 from Brucella suis and ComB10 from Helicobacter pylori 200522 15764702 PubMed Hoppner C, Carle A, Sivanesan D, Hoeppner S, Baron C Microbiology (Reading, England) The putative lytic transglycosylase VirB1 from Brucella suis interacts with the type IV secretion system core components VirB8, VirB9 and VirB11 2005 16272371 PubMed Sun YH, Rolan HG, den Hartigh AB, Sondervan D, Tsolis RM Infection and immunity Brucella abortus virB12 is expressed during infection but is not an essential component of the type IV secretion system 2005 16113325 PubMed Marchesini MI, Ugalde JE, Czibener C, Comerci DJ, Ugalde RA Microbial pathogenesis N-terminal-capturing screening system for the isolation of Brucella abortus genes encoding surface exposed and secreted proteins 2004 15312849 PubMed Hoppner C, Liu Z, Domke N, Binns AN, Baron C Journal of bacteriology VirB1 orthologs from Brucella suis and pKM101 complement defects of the lytic transglycosylase required for efficient type IV secretion from Agrobacterium tumefaciens 2004 14973016 PubMed Jin DJ, Cashel M, Friedman DI, Nakamura Y, Walter WA, Gross CA Journal of molecular biology Effects of rifampicin resistant rpoB mutations on antitermination and interaction with nusA in Escherichia coli 198820 2464690 PubMed Carroll JA, Coleman SA, Smitherman LS, Minnick MF Infection and immunity Hemin-binding surface protein from Bartonella quintana 2000 11083791 PubMed Gee JM, Valderas MW, Kovach ME, Grippe VK, Robertson GT, Ng WL, Richardson JM, Winkler ME, Roop RM 2nd Infection and immunity The Brucella abortus Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase is required for optimal resistance to oxidative killing by murine macrophages and wild-type virulence in experimentally infected mice 2005 15845493 PubMed Dorrell N, Guigue-Talet P, Spencer S, Foulonge V, O'Callaghan D, Wren BW Microbial pathogenesis Investigation into the role of the response regulator NtrC in the metabolism and virulence of Brucella suis 1999 10373105 PubMed Gonzalez Carrero MI, Sangari FJ, Aguero J, Garcia Lobo JM Microbiology (Reading, England) Brucella abortus strain 2308 produces brucebactin, a highly efficient catecholic siderophore 2002 11832499 PubMed Cloeckaert A, Grepinet O, Salih-Alj Debbarh H, Zygmunt MS Research in microbiology Overproduction of the Brucella melitensis heat shock protein DnaK in Escherichia coli and its localization by use of specific monoclonal antibodies in B. melitensis cells and fractions 1996 8761733 PubMed Bellefontaine AF, Pierreux CE, Mertens P, Vandenhaute J, Letesson JJ, De Bolle X Molecular microbiology Plasticity of a transcriptional regulation network among alpha-proteobacteria is supported by the identification of CtrA targets in Brucella abortus 2002 11929544 PubMed Zhang Y, Ohashi N, Rikihisa Y Infection and immunity Cloning of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene of Ehrlichia sennetsu and differential expression of HSP70 and HSP60 mRNA after temperature upshift 1998 9632573 PubMed Robertson GT, Reisenauer A, Wright R, Jensen RB, Jensen A, Shapiro L, Roop RM 2nd Journal of bacteriology The Brucella abortus CcrM DNA methyltransferase is essential for viability, and its overexpression attenuates intracellular replication in murine macrophages 2000 10852881 PubMed Boschiroli ML, Foulongne V, O'Callaghan D Current opinion in microbiology Brucellosis: a worldwide zoonosis 2001 11173035 PubMed Letesson JJ, Lestrate P, Delrue RM, Danese I, Bellefontaine F, Fretin D, Taminiau B, Tibor A, Dricot A, Deschamps C, Haine V, Leonard S, Laurent T, Mertens P, Vandenhaute J, De Bolle X Veterinary microbiology Fun stories about Brucella: the "furtive nasty bug" 200220 12414152 PubMed Ekaza E, Guilloteau L, Teyssier J, Liautard JP, Kohler S Microbiology (Reading, England) Functional analysis of the ClpATPase ClpA of Brucella suis, and persistence of a knockout mutant in BALB/c mice 2000 10878125 PubMed DelVecchio VG, Kapatral V, Elzer P, Patra G, Mujer CV Veterinary microbiology The genome of Brucella melitensis 200220 12414174 PubMed Ekaza E, Teyssier J, Ouahrani-Bettache S, Liautard JP, Kohler S Journal of bacteriology Characterization of Brucella suis clpB and clpAB mutants and participation of the genes in stress responses 2001 11274130 PubMed Guzman-Verri C, Manterola L, Sola-Landa A, Parra A, Cloeckaert A, Garin J, Gorvel JP, Moriyon I, Moreno E, Lopez-Goni I Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America The two-component system BvrR/BvrS essential for Brucella abortus virulence regulates the expression of outer membrane proteins with counterparts in members of the Rhizobiaceae 200217 12218183 PubMed Roop RM 2nd, Gee JM, Robertson GT, Richardson JM, Ng WL, Winkler ME Annual review of microbiology Brucella stationary-phase gene expression and virulence 2003 12730323 PubMed Brucella Function: . Here we are focused on the pathogenesis caused by virulent smooth Brucella.(Kohler et al., 2002) Lipid rafts on macrophages Function: . Cholesterol-rich domains (such as cholesterol and ganglioside GM1, two components of lipid rafts) are necessary for Brucella penetration.(Kohler et al., 2002) Brucella associated with lipid rafts Function: . Brucella is associated with macrophage lipid rafts(Kohler et al., 2002)(Naroeni et al., 2002) Brucella are phagocytosed Function: . Phagocytosis causes penetration of Brucella cells into macrophages(Kohler et al., 2002)(Naroeni et al., 2002) Macrophage cell membrane Function: . Macrophage cell membrane is used during phagocytosis of Brucella by macrophages. The cell membrane contains the lipid rafts.(Kohler et al., 2002) Brucella-containing vacuole Function: . The brucellae reside in an acified compartment that fuses with components of the early endosomal pathway immediately after entry into the macrophages.(Kohler et al., 2002) Early endosomes Function: . The brucellae reside in an acified compartment that fuses with components of the early endosomal pathway immediately after entry into the macrophages.(Kohler et al., 2002) Proton Function: . Inside the cell, a proton pump (probably of cellular origin) rapidly acidifies the phagosome resulting in a stress for the bacteria and also in a signal that triggers virulence genes activation.(Kohler et al., 2002)(Porte et al., 1999) Early Phagosome Function: . The acidified Brucella-containing phagosome has pH 4-4.5.(Kohler et al., 2002)(Porte et al., 1999)(Kohler et al., 2002) Less than 10% Brucella survived in early phagosome Function: . More than 90% of Brucella are killed during the early infection stage.(Kohler et al., 2002)(Porte et al., 1999) Endoplasmic reticulum Function: . The ER is involved in the formation of replicative phagosomes.(Kohler et al., 2002) Replicative phagosomes Function: . Replicative phagosomes (or called brucellosome) are the intracellular niche for Brucella growth. Lysosomes do not fuse with the Brucella phagosome, and the normal trafficking of the cell is not affected during infection.(Kohler et al., 2002) Stress (acidic pH, depleted nutrient, limited oxygen) Function: . The stress (nutrient depletion, acidification, hypoxia) inside phagosomes provide Brucella with a harsh environment.(Kohler et al., 2002) Activated DnaK and other chaperones Function: Chaperone. In Brucella suis, the DnaK expression is induced under heat-shock conditions as well as by acidic pH. Other chaperone proteins are also expressed inside the harsh environment of phagosome.(Kohler et al., 2002)(Kohler et al., 2002) Brucella virulent factors synthesized inside replicative phagosomes Function: . Brucella virulent factors can be synthesized inside phagosomes.(Kohler et al., 2002) Brucella Replicating Function: . Brucella rapidly replicate inside the replicative phagosomes.(Kohler et al., 2002) xerC Function: . xerD Function: . virB3 Function: . virB2 Function: . virB7 Function: . virB6 Function: . virB10 Function: . virB9 Function: . virB8 Function: . virB5 Function: . virB4 Function: . virB11 Function: . virB1 Function: . thiE Function: . thi5 Function: . rpoB Function: . nusA Function: . ntrC Function: . ntrB Function: . mdh Function: . sodC Function: . hemE Function: . hemB Function: . hdeA Function: . fur Function: . omp31 Function: . ftsZ Function: . ftsE Function: . entB Function: . entE Function: . groEL Function: . dnaJ Function: . rpoD Function: . minC Function: . hfq Function: . ctrA Function: . ftsK Function: . clpX Function: . clpP Function: . grpE Function: . dnaK Function: . clpB Function: . clpA Function: . bvrS Function: . bvrR Function: . omp25 Function: . ahpD Function: . ahpC Function: .