Cell membrane Complex Enzyme Eukaryotic cell or cell component Microbe-host cell complex Microorganism or its component Other Other -- ion Pathway or action Protein Protein or gene Protein or gene complex Protein or protein complex Bacterial membrane or virus envelope Cell membrane Cytoplasm Eukaryotic cell or cell component Extracellular Golgi Golgi membrane Intercellular Intracellular Mitochondria Nucleocapsid/Cytoplasm Organelle Organelle -- Cell membrane Organelle -- Endoplasmic reticulum Organelle -- ER Organelle -- Golgi Organelle -- Golgi membrane Organelle -- Nucleus Organelle -- Phagolysosome Organelle -- Phagosome Organelle -- Ribosome Other Phagolysosome Phagosome Chaperone Defense, immunity protein Enzyme Enzyme activator Enzyme inhibitor Genomic S segment Infection Ligand binding or carrier Motor Nucleic acid binding Other Signal transducer Toxicity Transcription factor binding Transcription regulation Transporter Unknown IC Inferred by Curator IDA Inferred from Direct Assay IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity NAS Non-traceable Author Statement ND No biological Data available RCA inferred from Reviewed Computational Analysis TAS Traceable Author Statement NR Not Recorded Sukhan A, Kubori T, Galan JE Journal of bacteriology Synthesis and localization of the Salmonella SPI-1 type III secretion needle complex proteins PrgI and PrgJ 2003 12754250 PubMed Kimbrough TG, Miller SI Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Contribution of Salmonella typhimurium type III secretion components to needle complex formation 200026 10984518 PubMed Collazo CM, Galan JE Molecular microbiology The invasion-associated type III system of Salmonella typhimurium directs the translocation of Sip proteins into the host cell 1997 9194702 PubMed Wood MW, Jones MA, Watson PR, Siber AM, McCormick BA, Hedges S, Rosqvist R, Wallis TS, Galyov EE Cellular microbiology The secreted effector protein of Salmonella dublin, SopA, is translocated into eukaryotic cells and influences the induction of enteritis 2000 11207586 PubMed Hardt WD, Chen LM, Schuebel KE, Bustelo XR, Galan JE Cell S. typhimurium encodes an activator of Rho GTPases that induces membrane ruffling and nuclear responses in host cells 199829 9630225 PubMed Hayward RD, Koronakis V The EMBO journal Direct nucleation and bundling of actin by the SipC protein of invasive Salmonella 199915 10487745 PubMed Paesold G, Guiney DG, Eckmann L, Kagnoff MF Cellular microbiology Genes in the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 and the Salmonella virulence plasmid are essential for Salmonella-induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells 2002 12427099 PubMed Zhou X, Mantis N, Zhang XR, Potoka DA, Watkins SC, Ford HR Microbiology and immunology Salmonella typhimurium induces apoptosis in human monocyte-derived macrophages 2000 11220687 PubMed Steele-Mortimer O, Brumell JH, Knodler LA, Meresse S, Lopez A, Finlay BB Cellular microbiology The invasion-associated type III secretion system of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is necessary for intracellular proliferation and vacuole biogenesis in epithelial cells 2002 11856172 PubMed Mills SD, Finlay BB European journal of cell biology Isolation and characterization of Salmonella typhimurium and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-containing phagosomes from infected mouse macrophages: Y. pseudotuberculosis traffics to terminal lysosomes where they are degraded 1998 9808287 PubMed Meresse S, Unsworth KE, Habermann A, Griffiths G, Fang F, Martinez-Lorenzo MJ, Waterman SR, Gorvel JP, Holden DW Cellular microbiology Remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for replication of intravacuolar Salmonella 2001 11488817 PubMed Nikolaus T, Deiwick J, Rappl C, Freeman JA, Schroder W, Miller SI, Hensel M Journal of bacteriology SseBCD proteins are secreted by the type III secretion system of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 and function as a translocon 2001 11567004 PubMed Villarreal-Ramos B, Manser JM, Collins RA, Chance V, Eckersall D, Jones PW, Dougan G Microbiology (Reading, England) Susceptibility of calves to challenge with Salmonella typhimurium 4/74 and derivatives harbouring mutations in htrA or purE 2000 11065356 PubMed Type III Secretion System 1 Function: Transporter. Type III secretion system (TTSS) transports bacterial proteins into the cytosol of the host cells.(Sukhan et al., 2003) PrgI, PrgJ proteins secretion Function: Transporter. The type III secretion system - dependent phase begins with the secretion and assembly of needle components (PrgI, PrgJ proteins).(Sukhan et al., 2003)(Kimbrough et al., 2000) Needle like structure formation Function: Transporter. The type III secretion needle complex (NC) of Salmonella is a complex secretory system that functions to translocate virulence proteins into eukaryotic cells.(Kimbrough et al., 2000) SipA, B, C, D translocation into the host cells Function: Enzyme activator. The Sip proteins SipA, SipB, SipC, SipD (Salmonella invasion protein; also called Ssp for Salmonella secreted protein) are involved in invasion. SipA binds directly to actin in the host cells. SipB, SipC SipD are directly involved in the translocation process, and are themselves delivered to the cytosol of the host cell.(Collazo et al., 1997) SopA, B, D, E translocation into the host cells Function: Enzyme activator. Sop A, SopB, SopD, SopE proteins are translocated into eukaryotic cells via a Sip-dependent pathway. SopA influences the induction of enteritis. SopB, SopD act to mediate inflammation.(Wood et al., 2000) Modification of Rac, Cdc Rho GTPases Function: Enzyme activator. SopE directly activates Cdc42 and Rac, two Rho family GTPases that are required for Salmonella invasion.(Hardt et al., 1998) Cytoskeletal actin modification Function: . Salmonella induces cytoskeletal actin modification at the site of bacterial contact with the host cell membrane.(Hayward et al., 1999) Cytoskeletal rearrangements Function: . Salmonella engage host cell signalling pathways to effect a crucial host cell response for invasion, namely rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton.(Hayward et al., 1999) Cell apoptosis induction Function: . Salmonella modulates host cell death to cause disease. By inducing cell death, Salmonella can effectively escape from the host cells and re-infect new cells, and also remove host effector cells.(Paesold et al., 2002)(Zhou et al., 2000) Salmonella internalization in vacuole Function: . Salmonella is a facultative intracellular pathogen that inhabits a vacuolar compartment, called the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV), in infected host cells.(Steele-Mortimer et al., 2002) Salmonella intracellular survival and replication Function: . Localized reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is associated with intracellular replication of Salmonella in representatives of differentiated cell types (macrophage, epithelial), indicating that it is likely to be a general characteristic of Salmonella during intracellular growth.(Mills et al., 1998)(Meresse et al., 2001) Salmonella in vacuole. Type III Secretion System 2 Function: Transporter. Salmonella has a second type III secretion system. The TTSS2 is important for bacterial replication in macrophages. The TTSS2 is activated after bacteria enter into host cells and influences the fate of the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV).(Meresse et al., 2001) Salmonella in vacuole. SseB, C, D proteins secretion Function: . SseB (secretion system effector), SseC, SseD proteins are secreted by the type III secretion system 2 and function as a translocon for the translocation of Ste (Salmonella translocated effector) proteins from intraphagosomal Salmonella over the phagosomal membrane into the host cell.(Nikolaus et al., 2001) Salmonella Intracellular proliferation Function: . It has also been proposed that the macrophages are the main host cells in which Salmonella proliferates in vivo. The mechanism by which Salmonella promotes intracellular proliferation is currently unknown.(Steele-Mortimer et al., 2002) Salmonella systemic spread Function: . The TTSS2 is important for systemic infection in host cells.(Villarreal-Ramos et al., 2000)